Now more than ever – local gender-just practices and policies for housing and land

Now more than ever – local gender-just practices and policies for housing and land

At a time when the rule of law is disregarded and under constant threat, recognising and enabling local gender-just practices and policies for housing and land is critical.

HIC members across the world are leading transformative feminist practices and policy changes to counter exclusion and advance women’s equal rights to housing, land and the city. In doing so, local communities are upholding the rule of law and fighting for human rights to be respected, protected and fulfilled in an increasingly unjust world.

Discover how local communities are advancing gender-just practices and policies for housing and land

Cases from Sub -Saharan Africa

Join our Online Discussion18 March 2026

Cases from MENA, Latin America & Europe

Join our Online Discussion25 March 2026

The global context is alarming:

Growing disregard for rule of law and human rights

Shrinking access to justice for women in all their diversity, gender-diverse people, and marginalized communities.

Resurgence of imperial dynamics undermining national sovereignty

Structural inequalities shaping cities in the Global North & South

Women in all their diversities experience structural exclusion from housing and land through

  • Insecure land tenure and vulnerability to forced displacement
  • Costly and slow land registration processes 
  • Patriarchal customary practices regarding inheritance and succession rights, marital and cohabitation rights, and property ownership 
  • Housing unaffordability and financialisation 
  • Limited awareness among local women of existing legal frameworks and rights 
  • Lack of effective implementation of gender-just policies: political and institutional resistance to acknowledging inequality in practice 
  • Translating and safeguarding policies into legislation
  • Underrepresentation of women in key administrative and decision-making bodies 
  • Lack of participatory practices in local governance
  • Limited capacity of duty-bearers and stakeholders concerning gender-equitable approaches

So, how do we advance the equal rights of women to housing and land when the rule of law is under threat?

We need to recognise and enable local gender-just practices and policies for housing and land

Discover how local communities are impacting gender-just practices and policies for housing and land in 9 different countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, Latin America and Middle East and North Africa.

Cases from Sub-Saharan Africa

From Policy to Practice: Strengthening Access to Justice and Women’s Equitable Rights to Land and Housing in Sub-Saharan Africa

Wednesday, 18th March 2026, 1600 SAST. (check local time here)

Register Here

Organised by HIC and the Women’s Spaces Project 

Virtual event of the 70th session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW70).

The Women Spaces project is a collaborative initiative among 4 HIC Members in sub-Saharan Africa and HIC Member, Rooftops Canada, dedicated to securing women’s land, housing and livelihood rights through community-led interventions and policy advocacy. By addressing systemic barriers to tenure security, the project enables women to move from precarity to resilience.

Women in their full diversity

AngolaGender Equality in Local Land Tenure Systems

Development Workshop Angola (DWA)

This case highlights how Development Workshop Angola is advancing gender equality in land tenure systems by combining digital land governance tools with community awareness and institutional reform.

For more info: Gender-just Practices
  • Use of the Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM) and Sistema Angolano de Gestão de Informação Territorial (SAGIT) software to co-produce gender-specific land data, training government officials to generate formal land documentation for women, thereby shifting land rights from informal claims to digitally verified records. This has created the technical evidence required to bridge the gap between customary land use and formal recognition, ensuring women have evidence to secure recognition of their rights. 
  • CSO/CBO training and awareness raising around patriarchal customary norms regarding women’s inheritance and succession rights.
For more info: Gender-just Policy Changes
  • DWA strengthened five key legal frameworks in Angola to ensure gender-responsive land governance, including the Land Law, the Angola Mining Code, the Law Against Domestic Violence, the Plano de Desenvolvimento Nacional 2023/27 (PDN) (National Development Plan), and the Regulation on the Single Window for Land Rights Concession.
  • Approval and adoption of the Single Window for Land Rights Concession digital platform to decentralise and formalise land processes, making rights more accessible and transparent for women.
  • Developed specific, actionable recommendations to strengthen the law against domestic violence to explicitly include land and housing victimisation as a recognised form of abuse requiring formal court intervention, ensuring that women have legal recourse beyond traditional authorities who may uphold patriarchal norms. 
Women in their full diversity

Kenya – Gender-Equal Access to Land & Marginal Spaces for Urban Agriculture

Mazingira Institute

This case showcases how Mazingira Institute is advancing gender-equal access to land and marginal urban spaces for agriculture in Nairobi by equipping women and youth with skills, data tools, and institutional support to transform underutilised areas into productive food systems.

For more info: Gender-just Practices
  • Pioneered the Gender, Urban Agriculture and Food System (GUAFS) Training for urban farmers in Nairobi, specifically targeting women and youth in informal settlements. Through training in sustainable urban agriculture technologies, organic farming, livestock production and value addition, Mazingira Institute has enabled women to transform marginal spaces in their homes and neighbourhoods into productive assets for food security and economic resilience. 
  • Established the Urban Agriculture and Food System Database, integrating a mobile application to transform invisible urban farmers into recognised actors and provide the necessary data for evidence-based engagement with the state and other key stakeholders.  
  • Institutionalised gender responsive urban agriculture within the public Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum, transforming project-based training into a permanent educational resource in the Kenyan vocational system.
For more info: Gender-just Policy Changes
  • Critical role in the development of the Nairobi Urban Agriculture and Food Security Bill (2024), which mandates equitable access to agricultural resources for women, youth, and marginalised groups and institutionalises gender balance by requiring representation on the NCC Urban Agriculture and Food Security Committee.
  • Strengthened and institutionalised the link between grassroots lived experiences and formal policy processes by leveraging spaces such as the Nairobi and Environs Food Security, Agriculture and Landscape Forum (NEFSALF) and the Food Liaison Advisory Group (FLAG) to ensure that the voices of women, youth, and small-scale producers directly inform and influence policy processes. 
  • Consistent engagement with government officials has led to a shift towards gender-responsive agricultural extension services equipped to reach women in informal settlements. 
Women in their full diversity

South Africa – Evidence-Based Gender Analysis in Informal Settlements for Transforming practice

Socio-Economic Rights Institute (SERI)

This case highlights how Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa (SERI) uses rigorous gender-focused research and partnerships with grassroots communities to transform housing and land tenure practices in South Africa.

For more info: Gender-just Practices
  • SERI leveraged their robust research evidence base and partnerships to amplify grassroots voices in national policy forums and shift national housing practices toward gender inclusivity. For example, the research on ‘ A Gendered Analysis of Family Homes in South Africa and ‘A Gendered Analysis of Informal Settlements in South Africa showed women are disproportionately affected by disputes, defining systemic inequalities as a form of structural violence intersecting with gender. This serves as a primary advocacy tool to lobby the state for gender-responsive housing and land systems.
For more info: Gender-just Policy Changes
  • Secured the inclusion of Section 14A of the Upgrading of Land Tenure Rights Act (ULTRA) Amendment, partnering with lawyers in private practice: This established a tangible judicial remedy for women adversely affected by the conversion of township rental accommodation to individual title, enabling them to petition the court to overturn unfair registrations, rectifying systemic injustices and reclaiming tenure rights.
  • Ensured the inclusion of key gender-responsive proposals in the Human Settlements White Paper, advocating for equitable housing across four priority areas, including family homes, informal settlements, registered property and rental tenure. This was achieved through active participation in consultations and proactive written submissions in collaboration with community and civil society partners.
Women key role

Uganda, Community paralegals at the front lines of gender-just housing and land

Shelter and Settlements Alternatives (SSA)

This case highlights how Shelter and Settlements Alternatives (SSA) is advancing gender-just housing and land governance in Uganda through community paralegals, digital land documentation, and legal literacy initiatives. By strengthening women’s access to local justice mechanisms and influencing national legislation, the initiative helps secure women’s tenure rights while embedding gender equality within land and urban governance systems.

For more info: Gender-just Practices
  • Established an active network of 60 Community Paralegals trained in alternative dispute resolution (ADR). This shifted the burden of justice from expensive, distant courts to the community level, increasing trust in the justice system from 60% to over 82%, providing women with an affordable and accessible pathway to secure their land and housing rights. 
  • Digital integration of Certificates of Customary Ownership (CCOs) directly into the National Land Information System (UgNLIS) using the Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM), providing women with the highest level of state-recognised tenure and ensuring their claims are digitally verified in national records. 
  • Trained Area Land Committees to enforce co-ownership and mandatory spousal consent during land transactions. Local authorities now actively facilitate women’s land registration, inclusion on spousal land titles, and consent requirements for land transaction
  • Translating paralegal handbooks and laws into local languages has significantly enhanced community understanding of rights and processes, ensuring accessibility and enabling women, specifically, to successfully navigate legal processes, such as drafting wills and securing property inheritance in cases of intestacy. 
For more info: Gender-just Policy Changes
  • Successfully institutionalised a 1/3 women’s representation quota across critical housing and land-related national legislation, including the Physical Planning (Amendment) Act, the Land Act, and the Building Control Amendment Act. This ensures women’s participation is legally mandated in high-level decision-making bodies that dictate land allocation and urban development.
  • Actively participated in reviews for the National Land Policy of 2013 and the Land Act Cap 227, 2010, providing key contributions and position papers advocating for a strengthened gender balance.
  • SSA secured institutional commitment by signing Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) with local authorities in 4 project districts, stipulating the adoption of citizens’ proposals into annual government planning and budgeting, thereby ensuring that the project’s gender-responsive priorities are integrated. 

Cases from Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and Europe

Event: Cities as a factor of inequalities: How do women experience and resist inequalities in the global North and South

Wednesday, 25th March 2026, 16:00 SAST. (check local time here)

Registration link

Organised by HIC and Observatori DESCA 

The HIC and ODESCA research on “Cities as a Factor of Inequality” is a regional and comparative study of the differentiated effects of urban inequality on women in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. Collectively, the study includes structural diagnoses, public policy analyses, concrete experiences of resistance  and recommendations for strengthening the right to housing and the right to the city from a gendered and intersectional perspective. 

Women in their full diversity

Middle East & North Africa –  how the gender wage gap impacts access to housing

Middle East & North Africa –  how the gender wage gap impacts access to housing

While legal recognition exists, 25 million women in the region’s  cities face barriers to property rights, with less than 4% owning land. Inequality is lived as an affordability gap driven by the exclusion of women from the formal labour market. 

In Egypt
  • In Egypt, as the price of a social housing unit (90 m²) skyrocketed from 135,000 EGP in 2014 to 850,000 EGP by 2025, the state’s affordable solutions have become a market luxury. Because of the informal labour trap and heavy unpaid care burdens, women’s real monthly income is 46% lower than men’s, reducing their housing access power to just 80% of their male counterparts. This economic marginalisation means that even when housing is physically available, it remains financially out of reach for women, who are often forced into peripheral, underserved areas that demand higher transportation costs and further entrench the cycle of urban exclusion.

In Tunisia
  • In Tunisia, even among highly educated women, inequality is lived as a structural 10.4% wage gap that directly compromises housing stability and energy autonomy. This disparity means women enter the housing market with 10% less power than men, making them the first to suffer from the privatisation of basic services. This means that when utilities such as water and electricity are privatised, these costs take a larger share of women’s lower incomes, leading to energy poverty.
  • Approval and adoption of the Single Window for Land Rights Concession digital platform to decentralise and formalise land processes, making rights more accessible and transparent for women.
  • Developed specific, actionable recommendations to strengthen the law against domestic violence to explicitly include land and housing victimisation as a recognised form of abuse requiring formal court intervention, ensuring that women have legal recourse beyond traditional authorities who may uphold patriarchal norms. 
Resistance in both Egypt and Tunisia

Resistance in both Egypt and Tunisia is manifesting as a movement led by women and advocacy groups calling for the reform of the personal status laws to ensure that divorce or widowhood does not result in the loss of property.

Women in their full diversity

Latin America – how collective local organising enables access to decent housing 

In Latin America, between 2005 and 2023, housing prices in the region rose by 6.4% annually, while wages grew only by 2.4%.  In the face of the absence or insufficiency of state and market intervention in housing and land financialisation, collective and social production of habitat approaches – such as cooperative housing – offer women and vulnerable households access to decent housing. 

In Argentina
  • In Argentina, in cities like Bariloche, tourism and Airbnb have turned housing into a speculative asset, forcing women to spend up to 70% of their wages on rent. In response to the challenge posed by tourist extractivism and land financialization, the Amapolas Cooperative was formed by women and dissidents who were being pushed out of the city.  The cooperative resists financial colonisation by adopting the Barrio intercultural model, which is built on a symbolic alliance with the Mapuche Curruhuinca community. The model treats land as a common good that cannot be sold or privatised, thereby removing it forever from the speculative market and ensuring that residential security is not a luxury for the few but an accessible foundation for autonomy and dignity of women-headed households.
In Uruguay
  • In Uruguay,  housing titles were historically held by the male breadwinner, leaving women vulnerable to patrimonial violence, where a woman cannot leave an abusive relationship because she has no legal right to the home. The Uruguayan Federation of Mutual Aid Housing Cooperatives (FUCVAM), has, for over 5 decades, proved that through the Social Production of Habitat, collective self-management of habitat is a viable alternative to the speculative market. Its model is built on Mutual Aid, where the labour and organised effort of working families serve as the primary capital to construct high-quality, stable homes on public or collectively owned land. FUCVAM has also successfully pushed for co-ownership laws to ensure women have equal legal rights to housing units, protecting them from homelessness in cases of separation or domestic abuse.
Women in their full diversity

Europe – how public policies, market speculation and social action shape access to housing 

At 87 years old, Mari Carmen faced eviction from the home she had lived in since 1956. Her old-rent contract was challenged by a real estate investment firm after the building was sold. The legal dispute centred on subrogation rights. Because Spanish Franco-era laws prevented women from signing contracts, her decades of residency were legally undervalued. 

Europe: increased housing financialization

The global North has been grappling with increased housing financialization, which targets the most vulnerable, often older women,  with reduced mobility and lower pensions. Financialisation is a process by which housing, land, and infrastructure are treated as instruments for profit extraction rather than as social goods. EU housing prices have increased by more than 60%, between 2013 and 2024, growing above family incomes, which has caused 10% of the population to be unable to pay rent or mortgage payments. 18.1% of households with children struggle to pay rent; the vast majority are headed by women. 

In Spain

In Spain, the resistance to the financialization of housing is manifested through Tenant Unions such as Sindicato de Inquilinas, a powerful collective resistance in which women are at the forefront of Stop Evictions campaigns, using collective bargaining against large landlords and investment funds and tools like rent strikes, social pressure, and organised civil disobedience to halt evictions. By framing housing as a fundamental right rather than a speculative asset, the Sindicato provides a platform for vulnerable residents, such as Mari Carmen, to transform their private residential insecurity into a public political struggle.

La Morada

La Morada is a pioneering feminist resistance to the financialization of housing, replacing speculative logic with a model of collective use rights.  Unlike the private market, the building is owned by a cooperative, granting residents a 70-year right-of-use that ensures lifetime stability while keeping the land permanently de-commodified. Its architectural design deliberately challenges the traditional division of labour by socialising care through shared kitchens, laundries, and communal patios, effectively shifting the burden of domestic work from the isolated individual to the collective.  By centering sexual and gender dissidence and offering fees based on project sustainability rather than market profit, La Morada demonstrates that housing can be a common good designed for the sustainability of life rather than the extraction of wealth.